The Friesian Horse: A Breed Like No Other

The Friesian horse is something truly special. With its high-set neck, jet-black coat, flowing mane, and striking “here I come” attitude, it’s no surprise that this breed has been featured both as a warhorse (including in films) and later as a show horse. But have you ever considered what else the Friesian can be used for, or what its original purpose was? Over the years, this breed has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from a battle and show horse into a modern sport horse.

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Characteristics of the Breed

The Friesian is a relatively rare horse breed with roots in Friesland, a province in the Netherlands. It is known for its characteristic black color. Stallions are not permitted to have any white markings, while mares may only display a single star marking. Historically, Friesians could also be chestnut or bay. The breed typically stands between 150 and 170 cm tall.

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A Friesian should have a finely chiseled, relatively long head with an alert expression in its eyes. The neck should be arched, well-set, and muscular. The body is strong and compact, with a long and firm shoulder. Its back is muscular and short, with an exceptionally powerful hindquarter. The legs are short and sturdy, with substantial bone structure, and the large hooves are adorned with abundant feathering. One of the Friesian’s most distinctive and beautiful features is its thick, jet-black mane and tail.

Intelligent and Willing to Learn

The Friesian is renowned for its calm and steady temperament, combined with a quick mind and a willingness to learn. It is used for driving, circus performances, and as a riding horse suitable for all types of riders. The Friesian also has the strength to carry heavier individuals. Friendly and intelligent, the breed is resilient and cooperative, which has contributed to its widespread popularity across Europe and the United States.

Near Extinction

Back in the 13th century, the Friesian was prized for its strength and agility. These qualities made it a favored warhorse and, later, a cavalry horse. However, just before World War II, the breed was on the brink of extinction. Its immense strength was no longer needed in agriculture, leading to a sharp decline in numbers. A group of Dutch farmers saved the breed by crossbreeding the remaining Friesian stallions with Oldenburg horses. By 1913, there were only three registered stallions left for breeding. Again, in the 1960s, the breed faced a dramatic decline, with only about 500 mares registered in the studbook.

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Genetic Weaknesses Due to Inbreeding

Like many other breeds, the Friesian has its weaknesses. The breed is particularly susceptible to several conditions, including dwarfism, hydrocephalus (fluid accumulation in the skull), aortic aneurysm (rupture of the main artery), megaesophagus (enlarged esophagus, often leading to blockages), retained placenta (with up to a 50% risk), allergies, and skin issues. The breed is also known for a general lack of collagen, an essential component for tendons, joints, connective tissue, and overall biomechanics.

These genetic disorders became widespread during the efforts to save the breed in the 20th century, which many believe involved excessive inbreeding.

A Modern Sport Horse

Today, the Friesian is used for much more than shows and warfare – fortunately, in the case of the latter. The breed is experiencing significant growth, and it’s not uncommon to see Friesians performing admirably in higher-level competitions.

The Friesian horse remains a testament to resilience and adaptability, transitioning from its origins as a warhorse to a modern, versatile companion for riders and enthusiasts worldwide.

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Sources (Danish): Dansk Frieser Forbund: Frieserhesten / Magasinet Hest: Frieser.